Algorythm Gaming
- Driving specific content via algorithmic understanding (e.g., search engine optimization or hashtag manipulation)
Bots for astroturfing
- Using large numbers of inauthentic (fake) accounts (bots) to create the appearance of a broad consensus on a topic
Advertising
- Paid promotional content to support a cause or actor
Cheapfakes and recontextualized media
- a Supporting a campaign either with simple edits or by repurposing media (usually, images)4
Memes and meme wars
- Use of easily shared “units of culture” (often, a slogan incorporated into an image) to promote a cause or actor
Misinfographics
- Infographics that appear professional and authoritative but are inaccurate or misinforming
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